Terry Cross: Approaching Angel Investors

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Terry Cross has 46 years experience as an angel investor. In this segment, he describes the general process for contacting angel investors, negotiating with them, and the type of terms you can expect amidst the credit crisis of 2008...

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Terry summarizes the steps to accessing angel investment as follows:

  • Initially, you should approach an angel group because that is one of the easier way to find individual angle investors.
  • Provided you make it through the screening committee, you then do a 20 minute presentation followed by question and answer.
  • Then the waiting game begins. If one or more investors takes interest, a series of meetings to explore the investment opportunity and perform due diligence will occur.
  • Finally, if that process completes successfully, the investors and entrepreneurs will discuss terms. Currently, in the midst of the 2008 financial crisis in Michigan, entrepreneurs can expect to give up 30–40% ownership for investment on the order of $1M to $1.5M.

Angel groups we are aware of in Michigan include:

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26 Comments

Good video on investing. Especially when considering the ecomonic hasn't improve much in these last few months...
Karina Vaks on November 13, 2008 7:39 PM
A very informative interview on investing with an angel. There are a few angel groups in Michigan and unless you know someone in them they are very hard to get in. The process of steps includes finding a group, submitting your business plan to the screening committee, and if you pass the committee the entrepreneur must present to the group. I find it interesting that many times only one angel is interested in any given business idea. I guess this is a good considering an owner will give up a significant stake in their company if they team up with an angel investor. This method of raising capital has been used by companies such as Bell Telephone, Google, Apple Computer and Starbucks. It is very popular when the necessary capital requirements are below $2 million. After $2 million there is not enough ownership rights available to make it worth while to an angel investor.
Jane Ansara on November 14, 2008 9:07 PM
This interview on angel investors is very significant and can help people who are interested in this field. For ones that may not know who are angel investors, they are wealthy individuals, often entrepreneurs themselves who invest in business start-up in exchange for equity stakes in the companies. Today, angel capital is the largest source of outside funding for companies in the start-up phases. They typically offer expertise, experience and contacts in addition to the money. Angel investors generally want less domination of your company and a gradual profit on investment; however the criteria for investment are likely to be similar. Angel investor groups are great sources of private capital and frequently invest angel money into new companies; according to Terry Cross, Ann Arbor Angels and Great Lakes Angels are good ones to go through. He mentioned that it could take up to 45 minutes to present to these types of groups. After the angel presentation, it is a good idea to get people to share the investment but there can sometimes end up only being one. The economic crisis has actually been a little easier on angel investors because companies are willing to give up at least 30 to 40 percent of their equity for the money. The tough economic climate is pushing valuations down, which means angels can get more of a company for less money. I thought this economic crisis we have encountered would hurt all angles of investments, but it is refreshing to know that certain people are benefitting from the situation and helping others too. Jane Ansara
In my opinion, Angel investors are truly "angels" to individuals that are looking to start up a business, but lack the capital to do so. Angels are defined as, wealthy individuals who invest in business start-ups in exchange for equal stakes in the company. These angels may invest because they have a personal interest in the product or business, or have experiences in the industry. Angels are great to go to for funding once you have borrowed or receive you're maximum amount from friends and family, and are an ideal source for businesses with start-up costs in the $10,000 to $2,000,000 range. Even though the route to receive funding from angels may be a long one, with presentations and playing the waiting game, it can prove to be worth the time. The Angels need to make sure that what they are investing in, is going to be worth it. A few examples of million dollar companies that have relied on angels funding in their start-up times include, Google, Apple, Starbucks, and Kinko's. These are names that everyone has heard of, and have really benefited from Angel's investments. Amy Suich
Cerynthia Edwards on November 17, 2008 2:19 PM
Angel investors are wealthy individuals who are often entrepreneurs themselves. They invest in businesses startups in exchange for equity in the company. A lot of angel investors invest in a business not solely for the equity but for personal interests or experience in the business. This type of investor is ideal for small business who still don’t have enough money after the owner or entrepreneur has invested their own money but don’t need a large amount of money. Mr. Cross gives tips on the best and most effective way to approach an angel investor and actually receive the assistance the entrepreneur is requesting. Having 46 years of experience as an angel investor, Mr. Terry Cross seems to know a great deal about the process of angel investing and the do’s and don’ts of the process. He outline the best option is to approach an angel groups for example Ann Arbor Angels in Ann Arbor, Grand Angels in Grand Rapids or Great Lakes Angels in Rochester, MI. The next step would be to give a approximate 20 minute but no longer than 45 minute presentation that will include a question and answer session at the end. Then the waiting time begins where a series of meeting will more than likely take place to explore investment opportunities and last but not least the completion of the process brings a discussion of the terms.
Alan E. Bradford on November 17, 2008 2:53 PM
Angel investor is a well-groomed business innovation. It seems like a modern loan shark that is legal or a charity group that wants their cut of the pie. The interview was very informative and Terry Cross was very accommodating with the Angel investor information. It also seems that it might be hard to find an Angel investor not a less you know someone. I personally never heard of Angel investors. They do not seem to have any marketing departments. The reason I mention this is because Terry says that the only way you can get a hold of an Angel is word of a mouth. Another thing that gets me is that an Angel investor is not that pressed on a full business plan. This might, because they will donate 1 million to 1.5 million but expect 30% to 40% in a state that is in a major recession. I would like to know have Angel investors branched to any other states in America. Also what if there is more then one Angel investor interested in the business venture, what would be the percentage of stock that would be taken out.
Jessica Cook on November 17, 2008 10:17 PM
I found it amazing that angels investing is such a different investing firms than most. They operate as almost like a sercret socity that only uses word of mouth as a way to market themselves. The other interesting thing about them is that they dont seem to seek out clients but they wait for the clients to find them. I felt Terry Cross what every open and honest about the questions asked of him the inteview what informational.
Nyangel ONeal on November 17, 2008 10:51 PM
Hello my name is NyAngel O’Neal and I’m a student at Eastern Michigan University and this semester I’m enrolled in an entrepreneur class. This semester we are learning about different businesses and entrepreneur. I was able to watch the interview with Terry Cross discusses Angel Investing. He stated that the only ways to find out about his business is from word of mouth or from an Angel Associate. One question I would ask Terry is if you don’t know an Angel Investor how can you get in contact with one. He stated in the interview that that have a group in Ann Arbor and the Great Lake Angel. They are located in some other area in Michigan. The Angel invertors will meet with prospect to go over there financial needs or look at their Business Plan and some how help them invest. This company has being around for some years but I haven’t heard much about them. In the interview he talked about the 20 minutes presentation that they give. The only I didn’t understand is why is the Angel Investors so private. I think it would be nice if other people have an option to invest with Angel Investors. I would like to learn more about the company and how they pick there investors.
Laurin Puente on November 17, 2008 11:05 PM
This was a very informative interview. The Angels Investing seems to be somewhat elite especially since I had never even heard of this investment group before. They do not seem to be very well known since Terry Cross mentioned that the only way of getting a hold of an Angel Investor is by knowing someone else that knows about Angel Investing. Terry Cross was very honest about Angel Investing, he was very forthcoming with information. Angels Investing seems to have a very simple concept; an entrepreneur has to give a 20 minute presentation and basically try to sell the investors on their business idea. I think Angels Investing could greatly benefit a lot of new entrepreneurs start out their new business.
Brock Tobias on November 18, 2008 1:14 AM
To start off, I had never even heard of Angel Investors. The fact that they have five locations in Michigan is pretty interesting. The fact that Mr. Cross comes out and says that they don’t advertise and that most of the people that get to pitch their ideas to Angel Investors are people who either know an investor or have heard via word of mouth, is interesting. I would think that a group like this could greatly help out someone who is just starting up their business. Angel investors are wealthy individuals who are often entrepreneurs themselves. The investors invest in business startups in exchange for equity in the company. This type of investor is a good match for small business who might not have enough money to start up their business, or an entrepreneur who has invested their own money but still need a little bit more. This can help the entrepreneur from looking to family and friends for money, which can often have very bad results, especially if the business struggles. The process seems quite simple, when you get your shot you have to make the most of it. The entrepreneur has anywhere from 20 to 45 minutes to pitch their ideas to the investors, who ask questions and decide whether they will move forward or not with it. The fact that Terry Cross has been an Angel Investor for the past 46 years shows that they are not only committed but very good at what they do. Angel Investors has help start up many successful companies in Michigan, such as; Google, Starbucks, Kinko’s, Bell Telephone, and Apple computers. If I were starting up my own business I would take a hard look at Angel Investors.
jennifer ahlers on November 18, 2008 11:35 AM
I found it informative and great to know that really anyone can present to an Angel investor. When I think of an Angel investors I think of them approaching you and offering you a deal, but it is nice to know that you can present to them and make your case. I believe however the most important factor in getting an angel to invest in your company is by networking. Although you might seek an angel out, it is important to have a good reputation. When you have a good business reputation it will make it easier for the angel to feel comfortable in investing in you. I would make sure before seeking an angel investor out that they have an interest in your company. I would think that it would be easier for someone such as an angel to invest in your company if they already had an interest in your business. This way they can invest their knowledge, money and energy into your business. I think some people get so wrapped up in finding someone to finance their business they forget that they are losing some control of their business when they seek for financial help such as angels. Like Terry said if an investor puts in around $1 million then you are giving up around 30 to 40% of your own company. Sincerely Jennifer Ahlers
Terry Cross's talk about Angel Investing was truly interesting. It is very interesting to me to know that these investors do not advertise, but rather they rely on word of mouth to expand and get new businesses. To further peak interest, I had no idea that companies in Michigan such as Google, Starbucks, Kinko's, and Apple were all helped by Angel Investors upon start-up. They seem to be very good at what they do, and would have to be, considering that they don't advertise to draw in companies. And who new that they were right here in Ann Arbor. Heck, I didn't even know who they were, much less that they were this close to home.
Dariusz Seklecki on November 18, 2008 12:29 PM
Before watching terry cross in this video, I never heard of angel investors. It's a very interesting concept. My question is why are angel investors so secretive in the way they work. It's interesting how they rely on word of mouth to get new businesses. Angel investors are themselves entrepreneurs and take big risks sometimes. They invest in startup businesses and in return want a percentage of the equity of the business. I don't know what criteria do they use to pick the businesses they want to sponsor and why are they not advertising. They may be missing some good new businesses. It's interesting to know that they are also in our area.
Stephen Stortz III on November 18, 2008 5:24 PM
Terry Cross gave an excellent description and summery on what an angel investor is, while describing the general concepts of how processes work inside angel investor groups. The groups mentioned in the interview were Ann Arbor Angels or Great Lakes Angels. Anyone who is looking to seek out an angel investor should check out those two investment groups. The information that caught me by surprise from the interview was how difficult it is to approach angel investors. Terry mentioned that basically you have to be family or very close friends with an angel for them to take any interest in your case. All and all I found this interview very helpful and would consider approaching an angel investor group if I need to raise capital for my business.
Terry Cross gave a great overview on what angel investing is, how to approach angel investors, and what the process is like in gaining their investment. Getting a hold of an angel is difficult, mostly because they are willing to face a lot higher levels of risk than venture capitalists and give 15 times more than venture capital firms. I think one of the most important things to consider when deciding whether or not to seek out an angel is exactly where and how to do so. Many angels invest in a small business for more than economic reasons; they may have a personal interest in the industry. An entrepreneur should first approach those angels who do have that kind of interest in the business they are going into. They should make sure they are fully prepared with a business plan and the exact details so that the angel knows a lot of work and thought has gone into the prospective business. The angel investing groups in Michigan are a great place to start, and probably the best bet, just as Cross was saying. Many angels keep a low profile and are hard to find, but groups such as Ann Arbor Angels and Grand Angels make themselves public.
Jarrod May on March 22, 2009 10:17 AM
I thought this was a great interview on the Angels groups in Michigan. Cross, a veteran angel, discusses the best ways to approach angel investors and how to market yourself to them. Typically, the only way to get investments from these groups is through close ties such as family or immediate friendships, however they do not limit themselves to this and if you take the time to seek them out, they could invest in your business. The presentation process caught me off guard. I was surprised at the way that an angel investor may look at your proposal. Cross mentions examining the executive summary, and later the entire business plan, or sometimes not at all. The real intervention comes from the presentation and the ability to answer the questions posed. If you have a good plan and sound solutions to questions posed there is a high possibility an angel will invest in you. With times the way they are economically it is not unheard of for the angel investor to take up to 30 to 40% share of your business. While this may seem unfair to some, it does provide more security.
I found the video to be very helpful. As an entrepreneur myself it is helpful to hear information more than once because it helps you remember what to expect. If I were to target Angel investors I would try to arrange meetings with several to potentially create competition amongst them, or to just have a better chance of getting the funds I require.
Kathy Powell on March 30, 2009 6:44 PM
Terry Cross interview was very interesting and informative. Angel Investors are wealthy individuals that invest in businesses that are up and coming. It is hard trying to get in contact with an angel investor because they are somewhat of a secret group that exist. In order to get in touch with them you basically have to know someone that knows an angel investor or know one yourself. Cross gave informative steps on how to attract an angel investor, as well as negotiate with them. I think it is great that these types of groups exist. It gives more people hope and a chance to start a great business. I think more of the wealthy people in today's society should also do what they can to help those who are less fortunate than they are.
Laura Cross on March 31, 2009 11:17 AM
I really appreciate that Terry Cross as an angel investor himself took the time to inform people how to go about approaching an angel for support in your business endeavour. I thought that word of mouth was really the only way to go about getting an angel investor (or private investors as it were) or you may also be able to access one through a friend or family member who may know an angel that could assist them, but I believed that those were your only real options. Though he informed people on how to go about approaching an angel group for assistance in a businesses financial portion and with 46 years of experience he seems to be the right one to answer questions. I had no idea that angel groups existed and as a university student nearing graduation this is a valuable piece of information for you never really know where your career might take you in the future and if it happens to be in front of a group of angels I will be glad I listened to this interview. Though the number of presentations and interviews required to achieve potential success is rather intimidating, if you had any doubts about your business I am pretty sure that it would not even be worth approaching an angel group for investment. But if you are extremely confident in your business approaching a group of angels could be extremely beneficial. Terry Cross also mentioned the importance of a business plan in the interview which reassures my knowledge that it is a vital aspect for any business to succeed especially in today’s volatile marketplace. The steps are intense that need to be gone through as Terry Cross describes and to receive an investment of $1million to $1.5million you are probably looking at giving up 30%-40% ownership of the business. This differs from the venture capitalist that Terry Cross also mentioned which are looking for stock and equity positions in a company that they feel have high growth potential. I am glad that Terry Cross was approached for this interview because I think that it may provide some hope for businesses if they have enough faith in their business that they are willing to make a rock solid business plan and be confident in the presentations to the angel groups. Though giving up 30%-40% of your company may be quite hard to swallow in today’s economy never getting of the ground could be a lot worse.
Robert Hoeft on March 31, 2009 5:56 PM
This is a great interview with Terry. Being a business student, I always hear stories of angel investors and entrepreneurs getting together and making successes happen. However, I never really understood how the whole thing happens. This interview answers how entrepreneurs approach angels and what happens after that. I must say that there seems to be a lot of steps to receive angel funding. This of course is usually because there is a considerable amount of money being asked for, so one would expect much due diligence from the angel. The entrepreneur also needs to do a lot of research as well because the money does not come free. Usually, an entrepreneur will give up about 30-40% to the angel investor.
Joseph Wright on April 16, 2009 7:31 PM
This is very useful. Most start up businesses in need of financing probably don't know the best way to approach an angel unless you know somebody who knows somebody, who robbed somebody (!?) This video is great, because it defines length of presentation, what they may or may not ask for and the actually decision making process an Angel group makes.
Angel Investing is a great way to help people who have great ideas, but lack the resources to make those ideas a reality. Terry Cross, who has been an Angel Investor for 46 years, must feel like he made a difference in so many people’s lives which makes me want to help others. I enjoyed this interview on Angel Investors because I knew what an Angel Investor was but I was unsure of the process on how you successfully get an Angel Investor. Terry did a great job explaining the process and the steps involved in the process. I also enjoyed being able to look at the websites of investors in Ann Arbor, Rochester, Travers City, Kalamazoo, and Grand Rapids. Their websites give a detailed description of the process, what to expect, how much money they donate and what type of businesses they donate to. I guess I expected the process to be a little more rigorous than it is. If the investors like your idea you just have about a forty-five minute presentation then a question and answer session. I would have thought that the process would have been a lot longer than that considering it takes weeks, maybe months, to come up with a solid business plan. The whole decision process can be up to about eight months, so you could have a long time to wait to hear back an answer from them. I really learned a lot from this interview and I hope to be an Angel Investor some day.
Rachel Szor on November 22, 2009 1:53 PM
Angel Investing is truly an amazing thing. Especially in today's economy it is so hard for entrepreneurs to come up with all the funding they need to start up their business. One might have a great idea and determination but may not have the money to partake in the journey. Angel investors help bring entrepreneur's dreams come true by investing in their businesses in exchange for equity stakes in the company. Angel investors invest in the company because they are familiar with the industry or because they are genuinely interested in the entrepreneur's idea. The investors have the ability to offer start-up entrepreneurs their expertise, connections, advice, and funding. They are truly "angels" to these people's lives. Before trying to find an angel investor, it is important for one to be well prepared. One should have a complete, well thought out business plan. This will allow the investors to see that the person is committed, determined, and did their homework. It will also allow the investors to see what the business is all about and how the entrepreneur plans to pay back the loans. The more prepared a person is, the more likely an investor will take him/her seriously and invest in the business.
Melissa Mello on November 22, 2009 6:26 PM
The angle investor’s interview was very informational. It gave a lot of background on how the organization works, what their main business and focus is and how they make profit off entrepreneurs and vis versa. I feel that angle investors would be a great place to go if a business was struggling to get financial funding or investing and were ok with giving up almost all of its ownership. However if the business was good and they know there was a niche in the market for such product or services then the amount of ownership given up to the angel investors would be hard and more than like the business would not follow through. Furthermore, this topic fits very well in the current section that I am working on in my class at EMU, which is financial and investments. If I were a business owner with an ok business plan, however needed assistance in getting my business off the ground and lacked the contacts which would make the business successful. I would definitely look into seeking out the angels’ investors group. This group has the know-how and the contacts that could take a business that would normally make less than a million to a multi-million dollar company just by their expertise in the field of business, the contacts they have and the keen eye sight on what is up and coming and what is not. However, it would be hard giving up that much ownership and control of a business or concept that I founded. Losing control or having to answer to others on concepts and ideas maybe even be harder for me than the money aspect as I am a type A personality and sometimes struggle with conflicting personalities or work methods. That said, the angel investors are a good organization that is out there to help struggling business owners and entrepreneurs.
Brian Jefferson on November 23, 2009 11:52 PM
Angel Investors was an interesting interview to me. With the current credit crisis in full swing, many businesses are forced to close their doors because no further financing is available. Angel investors are consist of a group of wealthy individuals, usually entrepreneurs, who extend financing in exchange for a stake in the business. Personally, I knew about Angel investors because a friend of mines opened his own retail store using Angel investors financing. Everything that Mr. Cross explained in the interview was accurate. My friend had a total of 45 minutes to explain why his business deserved the opportunity to receive financing from Angel investors. After reviewing his written business plan, he had approximately 20-25 minutes to show his PowerPoint presentation. The investors that participated in his review process, really struggled with the decision to finance his business. After 24 hours, my friend was informed that he would receive the start-up funding necessary to open his own business. Like Mr. Cross said during the interview, the investors provided him with the knowledge and skill sets to successfully run his business. They often visited the store to make sure that everything was ran properly. My friend's retail outlet is still in business today thanks to Angel investors belief in his dreams. During these tough economic times, it is important to have an outlet for financing. Thanks, Brian Jefferson
DeWayne Danyele-Geeter Burns on March 25, 2010 10:33 PM
Hello, My name is DeWayne Burns, and I am studying business at Eastern Michigan University. I was excited to find out about angel investing, because I only believed that businesspeople gained success from luck or wealthy friends. However, equity financing can come from angel investors who are willing to give risk (or equity) capital in order for entrepreneurs to start, develop or maintain a business venture. Before my entrepreneurship class, I knew that entrepreneurs started their businesses with various forms of equity capital. Berry Gordy, founder of Motown Records, started his record label with a collection of loans from friends and family members. My uncle started a construction company with money from his savings accounts. I even learned from Food Network that partnership investing helped form Baskin Robbins and Burger King. Yet I never heard of other sources of equity financing, such as angel financing or venture capital--high-risk investing for potentially larger returns. So thanks to my class and Terry’s blog, I know how beneficial angel investing can be to an entrepreneur. I also hope that ABC’s Shark Tank will shed some light on angel investing. The show is a play on angel investing. Entrepreneurs with established companies pitch their company and business plans to a panel of wealthy “sharks”, actually angels, who are looking to accept their proposal in exchange for the shark(s)’s proposed stake in their company, much like most angels. While rules alter the premise, such as an obligation to accept a proposed offer and sharks not being allowed to offer a lower investment than the entrepreneur’s proposal, Shark Tank gives you an in-depth look at angel investing. Terry’s interview was taken just before the dramatic downturn of Michigan’s economy. However I still believe there are angels in Michigan who are willing to invest in small companies. The opportunity for a good investment towards an entrepreneur, and a good return for the angel, is still present, but the entrepreneur may have to give a higher company stake to an angel than desired. Since consumer purchasing is down, angels see a higher investment risk regardless of the industry type. Yet the angels want to be a big part of the next best thing financially, so they are likely willing to invest for high stake in a company. Yet in still, entrepreneurs should not allow the current economy or an angel with a high stake request deter their dreams. Depending on their business, only having 60% of a company that is in a stronger market is better than having 95% of a company in a weaker market. Regardless of anyone’s outlook on how much an entrepreneur should give to an angel, entrepreneurs should know that angel investing is a sound way to receive equity capital. Thank you for your time, DeWayne Danyele-Geeter Burns

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